Universe before big bang

 

It's impossible to envision a period when the entire cosmos existed as a singularity, around 13.7 billion years ago. One of the primary competitors in the race to explain how the universe originated was the Big Bang hypothesis, which claimed that all everything in the cosmos – all matter in space – existed in a form smaller than a subatomic particle. Humans have been observing stars and wondering how the cosmos developed into what it is today for ages. It has sparked controversy and discussion in religious, philosophical, and scientific circles. Famous scientists such as Albert Einstein, Edwin Hubble, and Stephen Hawking have attempted to explain the secrets of the universe's development (Boekhoudt, 2003). The big Bang hypothesis is one of the most well-known and commonly accepted theories for the evolution of the universe.

When you think about it, the issue becomes even more difficult: What was there right before the Big Bang?

By at least 1,600 years, this issue predates contemporary cosmology. St. Augustine, a fourth-century theologian, pondered the subject of what existed before God created the cosmos. He came to the conclusion that the biblical term "in the beginning" indicated that God had not previously created anything. Augustine also said that God did not create the world at a certain moment, but rather that time and the universe were formed at the same time.

Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, published in the early twentieth century, came to similar conclusions. Consider the impact of mass on the passage of time. Time passes a little slower for a human on the ground than for a satellite in orbit due to the huge mass of a planet.

Time goes more slowly for someone standing close to a huge boulder than for someone standing alone in a field, yet the difference is too slight to detect. The Belgian cosmologist Rev. Georges Lemaitre released a paper in 1927 based on Einstein's work claiming that the cosmos originated as a singularity and that the Big Bang caused it to expand. Only after that basic singularity grew to its current size and shape, according to Einstein's theory of relativity, did time begin to exist (Kowalski, 2012).

Is this a closed case? Not at all. This is a cosmic question that isn't going away anytime soon. The advent of quantum physics and numerous new hypotheses in the decades after Einstein's death revived doubts regarding the pre-large Big Bang cosmos.

Is it possible that our universe arose from a prior one?

This narrative may be written in the Big Bang leftover radiation left behind from the Cosmic Microwave Background, according to some astrophysicists (CMB) (Bednarek, 2012). The discovery of the CMB by astronomers in 1965 rapidly presented issues for the Big Bang hypothesis, which were subsequently (for a time) resolved by inflation theory in 1981. This hypothesis stresses the universe's extraordinarily fast expansion in the early moments of its existence. It also takes into consideration temperature and density variations in the CMB, but it requires that these variations be uniform.

That isn't the case. Recent mapping attempts have led to the conclusion that the cosmos is one-sided, with greater fluctuations in certain places than others. Some cosmologists interpret this discovery as proof that our world is a "bubble" from the initial cosmos, according to California Institute of Technology researcher Adrienne Eriksek. This notion is taken even farther in chaotic inflation theory: an infinite series of inflationary bubbles, each of which becomes a universe and produces even more inflationary bubbles in an incomparable multiverse. Other hypotheses center on the pre-Big Bang singularity's development (Dunlop, 2012). If you consider of black holes as cosmic garbage compactors, they're excellent candidates for all that primary compression, which means our expanding universe might possibly be a white hole output from another universe's black hole. Is. A white hole is a hypothetical entity that behaves in the opposite of a black hole, emitting significant amounts of energy and matter instead of the Big Bang. Consider it a cosmic ejector valve. Some scientists believe our world was created within a black hole, and that each black hole in our own universe may have its own universe (Dunlop, 2012). However, other scientists believe that the universe began with the Big Bounce, rather than the Big Bang.

A big Bounce:

Long ago, mediaeval Indian religious philosophers believed that the cosmos goes through an unending cycle of creation and destruction, in which it grows from an undivided mass to the complex reality we see around us, before destroying itself and starting all over again (Kowalski, 2012). Some modern scientists have come up with a concept that has some striking parallels. Instead of one great bang, they believe the cosmos grows and contracts in a circle, rebounding back each time it shrinks to a certain extent. Each cycle would begin with a smaller, smoother universe that was not as tiny as the singularity, according to the Big Bounce hypothesis. Over time, it will enlarge and become more wrinkled and deformed. It will eventually collapse and gradually smooth itself out as it shrinks to the size of the beginning place. The cycle will then begin again (Radford & Joseph, 2020). Singularity theorems developed by British physicists Roger Penrose and Stephen Hawking suggest that a shrinking universe will shrink all the way to a singularity, similar to how a massive dying star eventually condenses to form a black hole. For the Big Bounce idea to work, it would have to find a way around these theorems. To do so, Big Bounce models use the concept of negative energy to fight gravity and reverse the collapse, causing the cosmos and time-space to be torn apart again. Once every trillion years, these contraction and expansion cycles repeat themselves (Bailey et al., 2001).

The Big Bounce would be a break from Western civilization's understanding of reality since St. Augustine, in that it would acknowledge that time existed before the universe we know today. But what was before our current universe, whether it was the Big Bang or the Big Bounce, is still a mystery. Perhaps nothing. Perhaps another world or a parallel one to our own. Perhaps a sea of worlds, each with its own set of physical rules governing its physical existence.

The Big Bang hypothesis was a front-runner in the race to explain the origins of the universe. It asserted that everything in the cosmos - all matter in space - existed in the form of subatomic particles (Bailey et al., 2001).The Big Bang theory is one of the most widely accepted and well-known ideas on the origins of the universe. Some scientists think that the Big Bounce, rather than the Big Bang, created the universe. According to the Big Bounce theory, each cycle would begin with a smaller, smoother universe that was not as small as the singularity (Silk, 2002).